Subsection 14.1.3 Globular Cluster
A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core. Globular clusters are typically very old, with ages ranging from 10 to 13 billion years, and they are some of the oldest known objects in the universe. They are also some of the most densely packed objects in the universe, with hundreds of thousands to millions of stars packed tightly together in a region just a few dozen light-years across. Globular clusters are generally thought to have formed early in the history of their host galaxies, when the universe was still relatively young and gas-rich. The intense gravitational forces in the center of the cluster caused the gas and dust to collapse and form stars, which eventually settled into a dense, spherical cluster. Globular clusters are important objects for astronomers to study because they provide clues about the early history and formation of galaxies. By studying the properties of the stars in a globular cluster, astronomers can learn about the conditions in which the stars formed and how they have evolved over time.
The stars in globular clusters are dying, just like stars in other parts of the galaxy. However, the stars in a globular cluster are generally very old, with ages typically ranging from 10 to 13 billion years, so they are in a later stage of their life cycle compared to younger stars in the galaxy. As stars age, they undergo changes in their internal structure and composition, which can cause them to evolve into different types of stars and eventually run out of fuel and die. In a globular cluster, the most massive stars have already exhausted their fuel and ended their lives, leaving behind remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes. The remaining stars in the cluster are generally low-mass, long-lived stars like red giants, which are nearing the end of their life cycle.