Section 8.3 Chemical Bonds & Equations
Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms combine to form molecules or other chemical compounds. Chemical bonding allows atoms to achieve the most stable configuration by sharing, gaining or losing electrons. There are several types of chemical bonding, including covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and metallic bonding. However, there are other types of bonding also occurs by the substance such as polar bonding, non-polar bonding, coordination bonding, molecular bonding, hydrogen bonding, and Van der waals’ bonding.
- Covalent bond: In covalent bonding atoms share electrons in order to achieve a stable configuration. This is the most common between non-metal atoms. Covalent bonding can take on a variety of forms including single, double, and triple bonds. For examples: in hydrogen molecule (\(H_2\)), water molecule (\(H_2O\)), methan gas molecule (\(CH_4\)), diamond (\(C_4\)), etc. Covalent bonding
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gifer.com/en/DKaY - Ionic bond: In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. This bonding is most common between metals and nonmetals. For examples: in Salt molecule (\(NaCl\)), Iron oxide molecule (\(Fe_2O_3\)), Calcium carbonate \((CaCO3)\text{,}\) magnesium oxide (\(MgO\)), potassium iodide \(KI\text{,}\) etc. ionic bonding
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clipart-library.com/clipart/1824896.htm - Metallic bond: In metallic bonding, positively charged metal ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, which are free to move throughout the metal lattice. This results in the formation of a strong metallic bond that is responsible for many of the physical properties of metals, such as their high melting points and conductivity. mettalic bonding.
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i.imgur.com/oIoEZhH.gif - Molecular bonding, typically refers to covalent bonding due to polar molecules. molecular bonding
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bestanimations.com/gifs/Water-Molecule.html - In Van der waal’s bonding, or van der Waals forces, refer to weak intermolecular attractions between molecules or atoms. These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in the distribution of electrons in molecules or atoms.
The type of chemical bonding that occurs between atoms is determined by the properties of the atoms involved, including their electronegativity, electron configuration, and the conditions under which the reaction occurs. Understanding chemical bonding is important in fields such as chemistry, materials science, and engineering, as it underlies the formation and properties of all types of matter.
