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Physical Science:

Dr. Sunil Karna

Section 4.3 Examples

Example 4.3.1.

Chose one of the following that does not affect an increase in temperature, if the body is heated.
  1. Mass of the body
  2. State (solid, liquid, or gas) of the body
  3. Shape of the body
  4. Types of material (e.g., iron, aluminum, wood, etc.) of the body
Answer.
\(a.\)

Example 4.3.2.

From the common house hold materials below, which one has the highest specific heat capacity?
  1. Water
  2. Iron
  3. Ice
  4. Sand
Answer.
\(a.\)

Example 4.3.3.

How much heat is needed to boil 500 grams of water initially at \(20\,^oC\text{.}\) The specific heat capacity of water is \(1 \,cal/g.^oC\text{.}\)
Solution.
Given: \(m= 500\, g\text{,}\) \(t_i=20\,^o C\text{,}\) \(t_f=100 \,^o C\text{,}\) \(c=1 \,cal/g.^o C\text{,}\) \(Q=?\text{.}\)
From equation Subsubsection 4.1.1.1, we have
\begin{align*} Q \amp =mc(T_f-T_i) \\ or,\quad Q \amp =500 \,g\times 1\, cal/g.^o C\times (100-20)\,^oC \\ or,\quad Q \amp =40000 \,cal = 40000\times 4.2 \,J/cal = 9523 \,J \end{align*}

Example 4.3.4.

Chose one of the following which is independent on the size and shape of the material composed in a body.
  1. Density
  2. Volume
  3. Mass
  4. Weight
Answer.
\(a.\)

Example 4.3.5.

Some objects of identical volumes are being compared, the one with the greatest mass also has the greatest
  1. temperature
  2. buoyancy
  3. pressure
  4. density
Answer.
\(d.\)

Example 4.3.6.

The cake of soap sinks in water, the buoyant force on the soap is
  1. equal to its weight.
  2. higher than its weight.
  3. less than its weight.
  4. zero.
Answer.
\(c.\)

Example 4.3.7.

What is the mass of water that can be stored in an aquarium of 60 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 20 cm high. The density of water is \(1 \,g/ml.\)
Hint.
Find the volume of the container and calculate the mass using mass, volume, and density relationship.

Example 4.3.8.

Ice floats in water because
  1. it is colder than water.
  2. its density is less than that of water.
  3. its specific heat is less than that of water.
  4. it is a solid and water is a liquid.
Answer.
\(b.\)

Example 4.3.9.

Molecular motion of the substance is least possible at which temperature?
  1. \(0 \,^o C\text{.}\)
  2. \(0\, K\text{.}\)
  3. \(-273 \,K\text{.}\)
  4. \(0 \,^o F\text{.}\)
Answer.
\(b.\)

Example 4.3.10.

Select one of the following in which heat transfer occurs by conduction
  1. only in solids.
  2. only in liquids.
  3. only in solids and liquids.
  4. in solids, liquids, and gases.
Answer.
\(d.\)

Example 4.3.11.

At which temperature does a Celsius thermometer and a Fahrenheit thermometer show the same readings?
  1. 40 \(^o C\text{.}\)
  2. -40 \(^o C\text{.}\)
  3. 40 \(^o F\text{.}\)
  4. 0 \(^o C\text{.}\)
Solution.
Consider \(F=C=x\text{,}\) then from (4.1.1), we have
\begin{align*} \frac{F-32}{9} \amp = \frac{C}{5}\\ or, \frac{x-32}{9} \amp = \frac{x}{5} \end{align*}
Solve this equation to find the value of x.
Answer.
\(b.\)

Example 4.3.12.

Which of the following is not a basic state of matter?
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
  4. Plasma
Solution.
d.

Example 4.3.13.

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? [read Section 8.1]
  1. Ice melting
  2. Salt dissolving in water
  3. Rust forming on iron
  4. Sugar dissolving in tea
Solution.
c.

Example 4.3.14.

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? [read Section 8.1]
  1. Cooking an egg
  2. Burning a piece of paper
  3. Crushing a can
  4. Digesting food
Solution.
c.

Example 4.3.15.

What is the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance?
  1. They are unrelated.
  2. They are directly proportional.
  3. They are inversely proportional.
  4. They are only related in gases.
Solution.
b.

Example 4.3.16.

Which of the following is not a type of fluid?
  1. Gas.
  2. Liquid.
  3. Solid.
  4. Plasma.
Solution.
c.

Example 4.3.17.

Which of the following is a characteristic of fluids?
  1. They have definite shape.
  2. They have definite volume.
  3. They are compressible.
  4. They can flow.
Solution.
d.

Example 4.3.18.

What is buoyancy?
  1. The ability of an object to sink in a fluid.
  2. The ability of an object to float in a fluid.
  3. The force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.
  4. The force exerted by an object on a fluid.
Solution.
c.

Example 4.3.19.

What is Archimedes’ principle?
  1. The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the object.
  2. The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
  3. The buoyant force on an object is equal to the volume of the object.
  4. The buoyant force on an object is equal to the density of the fluid.
Solution.
b.

Example 4.3.20.

What is the buoyant force?
  1. The force that pulls an object down when it is submerged in a fluid.
  2. The force that pushes an object up when it is submerged in a fluid.
  3. The force that opposes the motion of an object in a fluid.
  4. The force that causes a fluid to flow.
Solution.
b.

Example 4.3.21.

What is the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the temperature of the gas, according to Charles’s law?
  1. They are directly proportional.
  2. They are inversely proportional.
  3. They are not related.
  4. It depends on the volume of the gas.
Solution.
a.
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